Правила чтения в английском языке.
Английский алфавит
|
A a [ ei ] B b [ bi: ] C c [ si: ] D d [ di: ] E e [ i: ] F f [ ef ] G g [ d3i: ] H h [ eit∫ ] I i [ ai ] |
J
j [ d3ei ] K k [ kei ] L l [ el ] M m [ em ] N n [ en ] O o [ ou ] P p [ pi: ] Q q [ kju: ] R r [ a:(r) ] |
S s [ es ] T t [ ti: ] U u [ ju: ] V v [ vi: ] W w ['dΛblju:] X x [ eks ] Y y [ wai ] Z z [ zed ] |
Чтение гласных букв
| Алфавитное название буквы | В конце слова | |||
| гласная | согласная | гласная + r | гласная +r +e (+ согласная) | |
| I | II | III | IV | |
| А а [ ei ] | [ ei ] take | [ æ ] cat | [ a: ] car | [ εə ] care |
| O o [ ou ] | [ ou ] rose | [ o ] dog | [ o: ] for | [ o: ] more |
| U u [ ju: ] | [ ju: ] use | [ Λ ] cup | [ ə: ] fur | [ uə ] sure |
| E e [ i: ] | [ i: ] Pete | [ e ] pet | [ ə: ] her | [ iə ] here |
| I i / Y y [ ai / wai ] | [ ai ] Mike [ ai ] fly | [ i ] pig [ i ] system | [ aiə ] tyre | |
| [ei] | [æ] | [a:] | [εə] |
| plane [plein] | bag [bæg] | car [ka:] | care [kεə] |
| [əu] | [ɔ] | [ɔ:] | [ɔ:] |
| nose [nəuz] | box [bɔks] | sort [sɔ:t] | store [stɔ:] |
| [ju:] | [ʌ] | [ɜ:] | [juə] |
| tube [tju:b] | bus [bʌs] | turn [tɜ:n] | pure [puə] |
| [i:] | [e] | [ɜ:] | [iə] |
| Pete [pi:t] | pet [pet] | her [hɜ:] | here [hiə] |
| [ai] | [i] | [ɜ:] | [aiə] |
| pine [pain] | big [big] | girl [gɜ:l] | fire [faiə] |
| [ai] | [i] | [ɜ:] | [aiə] |
| bye [bai] | Syd [sid] | myrtle [mɜ:tl] | tyre [taiə] |
Чтение гласных буквоcочетаний
| oo | [ u ] | look, book, cook, good, foot |
| [ u: ] | pool, school, Zoo, too | |
| ee | [ i: ] | see, bee, tree, three, meet |
| ea | [ i: ] | tea, meet, eat, read, speak, clean, please |
| BUT: | [ e ] | bread, head, breakfast, healthy |
| au | [ ei ] | away, play, say, may ,today |
| ey | grey, they |
Чтение согласных буквосочетаний
| ck | [ k ] | black, stick |
| ng | [ ŋ ] | sing, bring, ring, reading |
| sh | [ ∫ ] | she, shop, fish |
| ph | [ f ] | phone, photograph |
| [ v ] | nephew | |
| th | [ ð ] | this, that, the |
| [ θ ] | thank, thick | |
| [ t ] | Thames | |
| wh | [ w ] | when, white, why |
| Исключение: | [ h ] | who |
| kn | [ n ] | know, knife |
| wr | [ r ] | write, wrong |
| gh | [ f ] | enough |
| [ - ] | high | |
| gn | [ n ] | sign |
| ss | [ s ] | possible |
| [ ∫ ] | pressure | |
| sc | [ sk ] | screen |
| [ s ] | scene | |
| nk | [ ŋk ] | think |
| ch | [ t∫ ] | chess |
| [ k ] | chemistry | |
| [ ∫ ] | machine | |
| tch | [ t∫ ] | match |
| qu | [ kw ] | question |